## ISO Standards Tag Set (ISOSTS) version 1.0: A customization of NISO JATS version 0.4

#### International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

# <textual-form>

# Textual Form

A container element that holds text (mixed content), this element is used in places where alternatives can be presented, to provide a textual alternative. For example, inside the <alternatives> wrapper element, a <textual-form> can provide an alternative version of an equation, graphic, or table. This alternative textual version may be a direct textual representation of an object (such as Unicode for a special character or the full text of an equation in ASCII characters), or a simplified textual version of the object (for display by devices not able to cope with the object), or a text-dump of the contents of a binary object (for example, the full text-dump of the cells of a table to accompany a graphical version of the table).

## Attributes

##### specific-use Specific Use

##### xml:lang Language

## Model Description

Any combination of:

- Text, numbers, or special characters
- <bold> Bold
- <italic> Italic
- <monospace> Monospace Text (Typewriter Text)
- <num> Number
- <overline> Overline
- <roman> Roman
- <sans-serif> Sans Serif
- <sc> Small Caps
- <strike> Strike Through
- <underline> Underline
- <inline-graphic> Inline Graphic
- <private-char> Private Character (Custom or Unicode™)
- <mml:math> Math (MathML 2.0 Tag Set)
- <named-content> Named Special (Subject) Content
- <styled-content> Styled Special (Subject) Content
- <sub> Subscript
- <sup> Superscript

### This element may be contained in:

<alternatives>, <chem-struct-wrap>

### Example 1

A formula/equation as a graphic, a MathML-tagged equation, and a textual form:

    ...
    <disp-formula>
    <alternatives>
    <textual-form>(a + 3)<sup>2</sup> - (10 - b) = 24</textual-form>
    <graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xlink:href="fors2682.f3"  >
    <object-id>463492</object-id>
    </graphic>
    <mml:math>
    <mml:mrow>
    <mml:msup>
    <mml:mfenced>
    <mml:mrow>
    <mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
    <mml:mo>&plus;</mml:mo>
    <mml:mn>3</mml:mn>
    </mml:mrow>
    </mml:mfenced>
    <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
    </mml:msup>
    <mml:mo>&minus;</mml:mo>
    <mml:mfenced>
    <mml:mrow>
    <mml:mi>10</mml:mi>
    <mml:mo>&minus;</mml:mo>
    <mml:mn>b</mml:mn>
    </mml:mrow>
    </mml:mfenced>
    <mml:mo>&equals;</mml:mo>
    <mml:mn>24</mml:mn>
    </mml:mrow>
    </mml:math>
    </alternatives>
    </disp-formula>
    ...

### Example 2

An example of a triple bond glyph. To a chemist, a triple bond is not the same as Unicode x2261, but using alternatives, as shown below, is sometimes the easiest way to display the character visually and still stay within Unicode.

    ...
    <alternatives>
    <textual-form specific-use="unicode-look-alike">&#x2261;</textual-form>
    <private-char name="Triple Bond" description="Chemistry Triple Bond">
    <glyph-data id="tbond" format="PBM" resolution="300"
    x-size="16" y-size="32">
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0001111111111111111111111100000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0001111111111111111111111100000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0001111111111111111111111100000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    0000000000000000000000000000000
    </glyph-data></private-char>
    </alternatives>
    ...

### Example 3

A text-dump of a table, for use in searching and indexing:

    ...
    <table-wrap id="tbl-3">
    <label>3</label>
    <caption>
    <title>Categories of Color Immediacy</title>
    </caption>
    <alternatives>
    <graphic id="tbl3-jpg"
    xlink:href="immediacy-tab3.jpg" />
    <textual-form specific-use="search/index">
    Description of Color Category
    Number of Immediacy Events

    1. Drew parallels between green and blue relationships
    21 events

    2. Encouraged expression of yellow feelings
    12 events

    3. Admitted red termination
    8 events
    ...

    Note. These results are based on 44 immediacy events.
    Categories were not mutually exclusive, and several types of
    immediacy may occur in each event. Each category was
    recorded only once per event.
    </textual-form>
    </alternatives>
    </table-wrap>
    ...

### Example 4

An alternate textual description of a graphical object, that may include face markup. In this usage, the <textual-form> element is intended for display in devices that do not possess the full power of a browser or do not have the ability to display graphics. (The element <alt-text> performs a similar function but has an even simpler face-markup-free model for accessibility uses.)

    ...
    <fig id="f1">
    <caption>
    <title>Stable and Nondisruptive <italic>In Vitro</italic>/
    <italic>In Vivo</italic> Labeling of Mesenchymal Stem
    Cells</title>
    <p>by Internalizing Quantum Dots ...</p></caption>
    <alternatives>
    <textual-form>
    <italic>In Vitro</italic>/<italic>In Vivo</italic>
    Labeling of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    </textual-form>
    <graphic
      xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
      xlink:href="fors2662.f1">
    <alt-text>Mesenchymal stem labeling</alt-text>
    </graphic>
    </alternatives>
    </fig>
    ...

## Module

JATS-common0.ent

## ISO Standards Tag Set (ISOSTS) version 1.0: A customization of NISO JATS version 0.4

#### Version of April 2012