## ISO Standards Tag Set (ISOSTS) version 0.6: A customization of NISO JATS version 0.4

#### International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

# <disp-formula>

# Formula, Display

Mathematical equation, expression, or formula that is to be displayed as a block (callout) within the narrative flow.

## Remarks

A graphic image showing the formatted mathematical material may be provided as a fallback in case the rendering environment does not support MathML. See the example.

## Attributes

##### content-type Type of Content

##### id Identifier

##### originator Originator

##### specific-use Specific Use

##### xml:lang Language

## Model Description

Any combination of:

- Text, numbers, or special characters
- <alt-text> Title, Alternate
- <long-desc> Long Description
- <email> Email Address
- <ext-link> External Link
- <uri> Uniform Resource Indicator (URI)
- <break> Line Break
- <bold> Bold
- <italic> Italic
- <monospace> Monospace Text (Typewriter Text)
- <num> Number
- <overline> Overline
- <roman> Roman
- <sans-serif> Sans Serif
- <sc> Small Caps
- <strike> Strike Through
- <underline> Underline
- <inline-graphic> Inline Graphic
- <private-char> Private Character (Custom or Unicode™)
- <chem-struct> Chemical Structure (Display)
- <inline-formula> Formula, Inline
- <label> Label of a Figure, Reference, Etc.
- <non-normative-note> Non-normative Note
- <non-normative-example> Non-normative Example
- <named-content> Named Special (Subject) Content
- <styled-content> Styled Special (Subject) Content
- <mml:math> Math (MathML 2.0 Tag Set)
- <alternatives> Alternatives for Processing
- <array> Array (Simple Tabular Array)
- <graphic> Graphic
- <media> Media Object
- <preformat> Preformatted Text
- <sub> Subscript
- <sup> Superscript

### This element may be contained in:

<ack>, <app>, <app-group>, <bio>, <body>, <boxed-text>, <disp-formula-group>, <disp-quote>, <fig>, <glossary>, <license-p>, <named-content>, <non-normative-example>, <non-normative-note>, <notes>, <p>, <ref-list>, <sec>, <styled-content>, <supplementary-material>, <td>, <term>, <term-display>, <term-sec>, <th>

### Example

In the following example, the <alternatives> element is used to wrap a mathematical expression encoded in MathML with a graphic image of the same expression for use in environments where MathML is not supported.

    ...
        <disp-formula>
        <alternatives>
          <mml:math>
    	<mml:mrow>
    	  <mml:msubsup>
    	    <mml:mo> &int; </mml:mo>
    	    <mml:mn> 0 </mml:mn>
    	    <mml:mn> 1 </mml:mn>
    	  </mml:msubsup>
    	  <mml:mrow>
    	    <mml:msup>
    	      <mml:mi> &ExponentialE; </mml:mi>
    	      <mml:mi> x </mml:mi>
    	    </mml:msup>
    	    <mml:mo> &InvisibleTimes; </mml:mo>
    	    <mml:mrow>
    	      <mml:mo> &DifferentialD; </mml:mo>
    	      <mml:mi> x </mml:mi>
    	    </mml:mrow>
    	  </mml:mrow>
    	</mml:mrow>
          </mml:math>

          <graphic xlink:href="images/integral">
    	<alt-text>The integral from zero to one of e to the power x
    	times dx.</alt-text>
    	<permissions>
    	  <copyright-statement>&copy; 1998-2003 W3C &reg; (MIT, ERCIM,
    	  Keio); used by permission</copyright-statement>
    	  <copyright-year>1998-2003</copyright-year>
    	  <copyright-holder>W3C &reg; (MIT, ERCIM,
    	  Keio)</copyright-holder>
    	</permissions>
          </graphic>
        </alternatives>
        </disp-formula>
       ...

The graphic rendering of the mathematical expression is:

(MathML example and graphic from Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation 21 October 2003, ed. David Carlisle et al., © 1998-2003 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), all rights reserved. Used by permission.)

## Module

JATS-math0.ent

## ISO Standards Tag Set (ISOSTS) version 0.6: A customization of NISO JATS version 0.4

#### Version of December 2011